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Comparing the scores of students in academic achievement, self-efficacy, Self-regulation and creativity

350-357Full Text

Hassan Pasha Sharifi , Nastaran Sharifi and Yalda Tangestani*

Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the scores of boys and girls in Academic achievement, self-efficacy, Self-regulation and creativity of students is sometimes Roodehen Azad, In a sample of 300 subjects (146 females, 154 males) were administered to undergraduate students. Sample of university students Roudehen 2012 school year, the class was chosen randomly. The assessment tools include self-efficacy test 3, Self-regulation and creativity Abedi Bvfard the subjects were administered. In addition to the above tests, a questionnaire was used, in which the demographic profile of the sample group also scored a half years old, was asked as an indicator of academic achievement. Statistical methods used to test t Independent. After collecting and analyzing the data, the following results were obtained: there is a significant difference between the academic achievement of students (P <0/01) . Between mean scores of self-efficacy, self-regulation and creativity, there is no difference between girls and boys. Seems to be taking into account gender differences in variables, you can change the teaching methods and the creation of new ways differences, the possible at the and when completed will provide all students the scientific community could be improved.

Studying Astronomical Folkloric Beliefs in Verses of Taleb Amoli

358-361Full Text

Somaye Khazaei*, Maryam Yousefi poor and Kobra nodehi

Abstract
Most poets sincere and ordinary relation with people and tried to give religious and national color to their verse using their beliefs. One of the poets who have taken step in this route is Taleb Amoli. The presence of beautiful terms and interpretations of sky scenes and application of some constellations and names of stars are shown in verses of Taleb. On the other hand, application of some astronomical words and terms in his poets indicates enough and accurate proficiency of the poet in astronomy and astronomical rules which indicates that it has been accustomed to folklore culture and beliefs of the people at those periods. In this paper, attempt has been made to study some verses of Taleb Amoli which are related to folklore beliefs in astronomy with help of different sources and give necessary description about them. The most important astronomical folklore beliefs of Mohammad Taleb Amoli’s poetical work include: sun and garnet, moon and cotton, Canopus and Adim , Saad and Nahs of stars.

Effects of a period CBT on mental health of homeless women in recovery phase of narcotics addict

362-366Full Text

Sedigheh Ebrahimi, Daryoush Ghasemian and Mina Khosravi*

Abstract
Several pharmacological approaches are effective in the treatment of opioid dependence. Extensive research has been conducted on psychosocial interventions as an adjunct to pharmacotherapy in opioid dependence. The aim of the present work was to study the effects of a period Cognitive Behavioral Therapy on mental health of homeless women in recovery of narcotics addict. The study statistical society included all patients who in the spring of 2013 referred to the Sabz-e-Rahaee (Marham) addiction treatment camp, Tehran, Iran. After the preliminary survey, 30 persons (15= intervention group and 15=control group) that are eligible to participate in the study were selected. Participants were 20-40 years old, homeless, cessation of opium use (at least 7 days), completed detoxification, lack of psychiatric drug consumption and not participate in other programs. Intervention plan carried out in 10 days (10 sessions) and each session was 1.5 hours. Mental health evaluation with The Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R) questionnaire. Result showed significance difference for somatization, aggression and paranoid ideation. In general, our result showed that a period of cognitive behavioral therapy led to improvement of mental health in homeless women in recovery of narcotics addict.

Effect of Organic Fertilizer on quantitative yield of mung beam (Vigna radiata L)

367-370Full Text

Malihe Bandani, Hamid Reza Mobasser* and Alireza Sirusmehr

Abstract
Crop yield of Mung bean is more dependent on an adequate supply of water than on any other single environmental factor. The bio-organic fertilizers can increase the quality and improve the output paving the way for sustainable agriculture. They are less expensive, highly biodegradable, nonpollutants to both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. The field experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with split plot design with three replications. Irrigation intervals (6 day, 9 day, 12 day) allocated to main plots and Organic fertilizer (without Organic fertilizer (control), humic acid, Phosphate fertilized 2, humic acid + Phosphate fertilized 2) was allocated to sub plots. The variance analysis of the studied traits showed a significant effect of irrigation and organic fertilizers on plant height, number of sub branch and Number of pods per plant.

Hermeneutic in education with reflection on Gadamer’s ideas of conception

371-375Full Text

Mostafa Mahdian* and M Javad Liaghatdar

Abstract
Generally Hermeneutic is a useful knowledge, provided that it is employed in a precise and exact framework. Hermeneutic is recognized as the knowledge of interpretation and clarification, though at first developed to interpret Holy texts; with the passage of time the subject of hermeneutic has exceeded the limits of interpreting religious texts and reached the field of several sciences such as history, art, economics, political sciences and even educational sciences. Hermeneutic is considered the theory or knowledge of interpretation. In the present study, the researcher attempts to provide a review of literature of hermeneutic and the relation between hermeneutic and education with a review of Gadamer’s views and ideas has been clarified.

The Effect of Social Marketing on Development of Ecotourism

376-381Full Text

Mohammad Ali Valipur, Esmail Malek Akhlagh and Anousha Amir Rafiee*

Abstract
Tourism is one of the fastest growing sectors in the global economy. Tourism is one of the major sources of revenues in leading countries annually compared to other economic activities. In fact, tourism is the world's greatest industry, which is growing day after day. Iran has great potentials to attract tourists; however, this industry is not well developed unfortunately. Using effective marketing tools and parameters can help to develop and improve tourism industry in Iran. According to theoretical foundations of this research and consultation with ecotourism experts, four variables including building culture, educational level, environment protection and familiarity with nature were considered as independent variable while ecotourism development was considered as dependent variable in this study. The relationship and effect of independent variables on the dependent variable was investigated in this study. Descriptive research method was used to conduct the study. This is an applied research considering the goal of the research. The statistical population included managers and experts in the field of ecotourism in following selected cities of Gilan province including Anzali, Lahijan, Masal, Fooman, Rasht, Langrood, Roudsar, Roudbar, Talesh and Astara in this study. The statistical population was infinite. The samples were selected using random sampling method. The sample size was obtained as 82. To ensure that all questionnaires were filled out, 100 questionnaires were given to the sample. In this study, 10 cities from 16 cities of Gilan province were selected, which were more populous. The questionnaires were distributed among them. In order to obtain solutions for the research issue, four components were developed in a conceptual model. Several questions were designed for each one of components. Finally, a questionnaire with twenty-two questions were designed and given to individuals within the statistical population. After the questionnaires were filled out, the obtained findings were analyzed using SPSS software. Finally, it was concluded that all four components have a positive impact on ecotourism industry. These components include building culture by ecotourism organizations, familiarity with nature, awareness of the people and eco-tourism travel guide in the field of ecotourism, educational level in order to create a positive attitude in the staff and people toward eco-tourism travel guide in the field of ecotourism and environmental protection by local people and eco-tourism travel guide in Gilan province.

The young in Quran and Narratives

382-386Full Text

Seyedeh Zahra hoseini jebeli* and Ashraf montazeri

Abstract
Days of youth is the symbol of vitality and spiritual development, and are considered as the effective basis of man’s goals for the one’s future. The young are subject to the most inflammatory individual, social, and ethical harms. Accordingly, failing to train and guide the young generation causes loss and deprivation for governments. In today’s world that we see that human values are gradually weakened and in turn, social harms are intensified, it is necessary to take quick and serious actions to guide and support young. The author tries to provide the proper context for communication with youth by taking a look at youth hysical and spiritual characteristics in the mirror of Quran and Narratives. In this study we attempt to investigate “youth physical characteristics” in the first chapter, and “youth spiritual and moral characteristics” with subsections titled as “lack of experience and knowledge, lenity and extreme imitation, multiple goals, neglect and ignorance” in Quran and Narratives. The end of this paper is to find the proper solution to these problems and apply them in action by becoming familiar with patterns of behavior in Islam.

Introducing and Analyzing Egg Marketing Management (Case study: Alborz Province)

387-395Full Text

Saeed Ebrahimzadeh Mabood* , Fatemeh Pasban and Reza Moghaddasi

Abstract
Inefficiency of marketing system of agricultural products and considerable gab between receiving price of producer and paying price by consumer is one of the problems in agricultural sector in most of the developing countries; therefore it is very important to introduce factors that are influential in reducing the gap. This study aimed at studying the issues related to egg marketing management in Alborz Province. For this reason, after dealing with the issues related to egg marketing servicing and related problems statistical comparison between personal and managerial features of aviculturists with marketing margin was analyzed. In addition, values of marketing margin, retailing margin, wholesale margin and share of marketing factors were calculated for this product. Functions of marketing margin like relative communicative pattern were estimated. Statistics and required information for the study was in two forms of documentary method that studied statistical and serve resources by accidental sampling and completing questionnaire, and interview for 30 aviculturist and also interview with wholesales and retailers for each of the aviculturists that was collected and analyzed for marketing price information. Result showed that average price of producer was 30600 rial, average wholesale price was 34700 rial, average retailing price was 42000 rial that in this regard the average share of producer from the final price of product was 72.9%, wholesale share was 9.7 and retailor share was 17.3. Result of estimating functions of marketing margin showed that price of retailing has a direct and positive relationship to marketing margin, also the average rate of retailing margin is more than wholesale margin.

Effect of foliar application and time foliar application microelements (Zn, Fe, Mn) on safflower

396-399Full Text

Somayeh Ghofran Maghsud, Hamid Reza Mobasser* and Hamid Reza Fanaei

Abstract
Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius .L) along with Canola, Sunflower, Sesame, Soybean and Cotton are the main seed crops in eastern countries since long ago. In order to establish necessary conditions for better use of natural reactions like biologic fixation of nitrogen by biofertilizers, interests have been raised toward environmental friendly sustainable practices which can reduce input costs. The experiment was conducted at the Agricultural Research Station, zahak. This study carried out in factorial experiments based on a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Analysis of variance indicated that the effect of foliar application and effect of micronutrient elements Fe, Zn, Mn, and manganese on grain weight statistically significant at the 1% level, however, interaction elements and foliar spray had no significant effect on thousand grain weight.

Effect of arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi in agronomy

400-404Full Text

Mohammad Fahramand, Mohammad Adibian, Alireza Sobhkhizi, Mohsen Noori, Hossein Moradi and Khashayar Rigi*

Abstract
The bio inoculants help the expansion of root systems and better seed germination and plant growth. Improved productivity of AM plants was attributed to enhanced uptake of immobile nutrients such as phosphorus, zinc and copper. In addition, other factors associated with AM fungal colonization may influence plant resistance to drought. These include changes in leaf elasticity. Inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF) has been found to increase the availability of phosphorous and other nutrients in crop plants because of its symbiotic associations with plant roots, colonizing cortical tissues and extending hyphae into the rhizosphere. AM fungi are especially important for sustainable farming systems because AM fungi are efficient when nutrient availability is low and when nutrients are bound to organic matter and soil particles.

Benefits of organic farming and effect on increase yield

405-408Full Text

Hossein Moradi , Mohammad Fahramand, Alireza Sobhkhizi, Mohammad Adibian, Mohsen Noori and Khashayar Rigi*

Abstract
There are exuberance definitions of organic farming, which is as well as known as ecological husbandry (Gosling, 2006) or biodynamic farming (Lampkin, 2002). According to Lampkin (1994, 1997), the purpose of organic farming is: “to make integrated, humane, environmentally and economically supportable manufacture systems, which maximize support on farm-derived renewable resources and the management of ecological and biological activities and interactions, so as to furnish acceptable levels of crop, livestock and human nourishing, protection from pests and malady, and an appropriate return to the human and other resources. Yields on organic farms, although may not be as great as those produced by conventional exercise, fall within an acceptable span. Between the benefits of organic farming is an enhancement in soil microbial actuality and biological proceedings. However, it has been shown that microbial activity and biomass is higher in fields with organic amendments than fields with conventional fertilizers.

Investigate the effects of spermine on growth and answers orange seedlings under salt stress

409-412Full Text

Nahid mohsenpour*, Bahman panahi and Sharareh najafian

Abstract
Polyamines (PAs) are low molecular weight ubiquitous nitrogenous compounds found in all living organisms. Because of the polycationic nature at physiological pH, PAs are present in the free form or as conjugates bound to phenolic acids and other low molecular weight compounds or to proteins and nucleic acids. The experiment was conducted in 2011at the greenhouse and laboratory was located in Shiraz (Iran). Orange seedlings were used in this study. To achieve this prestigious producer of greenhouse seedlings 6 months from Valencia varieties of citrus trees around the city of Shiraz was purchased and the plants were planted in the pots containing 8 kg of soil. Results showed that the overall weight of the dry weight of shoots was decreased with increasing salinity levels, but no significant difference between 0 and 800 mg per kg of soil salinity was observed. Shoots the lowest salinity level of 3200 mg per kg soil treatments sprayed with a solution of 0 and 0.1 mili molar polyamines was (no growth). Effects of polyamines showed that with increasing concentrations of polyamines foliar dry weight was increased.

Effects of spermine on root length, root fresh weight and root dry weight in orange

413-415Full Text

Nahid mohsenpour*, Bahman panahi and Sharareh najafian

Abstract
Salt tolerance in citrus has been linked to the exclusion of toxic ions from the shoot. the physiological role of stress-induced PA accumulation remains unknown. Polyamines titers, altered in different manners, are dependent on several factors, such as plant species, tolerance or sensitivity to stress and duration of stress. The experiment was conducted in 2011at the greenhouse and laboratory was located in Shiraz (Iran). Effect of different salinity levels alone showed that increasing salinity levels, root dry weight was reduced to salinity levels so that maximum root length and root dry weight of the lowest salinity level of 3200 mg per kg soil. Effects of polyamines showed that with increasing concentrations of foliar polyamines root dry weight was increased.

Power and Patriarchy: Oppression of Women in James Joyce’s A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man

416-423Full Text

Noosheen Torkashvand and Leila Baradaran Jamili*

Abstract
This paper essentially concentrates on James Joyce’s (1881-1941) A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man (1916) in order to examine and investigate different concepts of power, patriarchy, and oppression of women. Having an eye on feminist and postcolonial approaches, the paper, by using critical interpretations of Michel Foucault (1926-1984), and Judith Butler (1956), challenges the relationships and interactions between men and women in order to recognize the dominant discourses of power. The cultural notion of patriarchy is the universalized hegemonic concept which dominates the interpretations and critical perspectives relating to gender problem in different cultures. Throughout all histories the masculine members of societies sought to limit and control the activities and choices of women, because dominant men were in quest of power and authority. In fact, patriarchal systems have long been under the control of absolute legal hegemonies of male wills and these rules are regarded as the striking cause and origin for women’s oppression, inferiority, and repressive behaviors. In accordance, A Portrait exemplifies an immense amount of potentialities, with the intention of demonstrating remarkable attitudes of masculine empirical worldview, in addition to male power over the female characters. Consequently, women, in A Portrait, do not play a significant role since they are dominated by an overwhelming prominence of patriarchy and power; they are merely devalued as a physical object for men’s longings and desires.

The Women’s Right in Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll’s House

424-429Full Text

Fatemeh Ghafourinia* and Leila Baradaran Jamili

Abstract
This paper investigates the role of women and their right in Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll's House (1879). Ibsen, one of the world’s greatest dramatists, is considered as the father of modern drama, and as one of the great supporters of women. He never calls himself a feminist, and he is more a humanist. There are indeed plenty of feminist tendencies in his plays. Based on Simone de Beauvoir’s concept of woman as “the Other,” this paper will show the untrue system of marriage, stressing on individuality of women and fighting for their freedom, in addition protesting to all restrictions in society. Under the impact of Ibsen’s ideology, individuality and humanity are the most important social issues which are developed in his works. All social instructions and conventions are the enemy of every individual because they restrict the characters’ personal identity and their freedom. In particular, Ibsen expands this outlook on the women’s position whose individuality and freedom are taken by masculine society. Nora, as a woman, a wife, or a mother, behaves like a doll. She is under the control of the invisible hands and the pressures of patriarchal society. Ibsen protests against the position of women in a masculine society which is unfair and under the hegemony of male-dominated powers.

THE Study OF tecnotic anticline of BangestanNorth west of Dehdasht

430-432Full Text

Khosrow Shafiei Motlagh*, Samad Zahermand, Amir Reza Salemian and Ali Akbar Afshin

Abstract
State of Kohgeloyehva Boyer Ahmad is a mountain land. But mountains are reduced from North West to south east. According to this, rain amount and temperature is also dependent on height and mentioned state has hybrid weather. Studied state is located on middle part of Zagros Height. Considered morphology, is lasogenrally mountaineer which has a trend from North West to south east and it has a vital role in wrinkle and reduction due to compressive tensions on shield.Therefore, Bangestan anticline is also considered as a part of this area according to its special and unique features. According to studies about such wrinkle which is gentle based on middle-mane and according to axial plane, this wrinkle is a symmetrical type. Also, according to joint studies, most of existent joint in this area is a hybrid type (Tensial-compressive), but there is also some type of mere tension or mere compressive type.

Examine the role of attachment to god with health of teachers of exceptional children

433-435Full Text

Zahra Poudineh

Abstract
The purpose of present study examines the role of attachment to god and religious opposition and hardiness mental with health of teachers of exceptional children. In order to achieve the goal of 120 teachers of exceptional children using sampling were selected based on questionnaires attachment to God (ATG) was performed on them. Using multiple regression analysis and analysis of variance showed that the positive symptoms of mental disorders can be the next challenger hardiness and the attachment anxiety also predicted data showed that the total score from the avoidant attachment hardiness teachers in health can be predicted. Between religious coping and mental health relationship was observed.

The role of attachment to God and religious coping and hardiness with mental health among teachers of exceptional children

436-439Full Text

Zahra Poudineh, Mohammad Reza Vazirimehr* and Mohammad Hosein Vazirimehr

Abstract
The relationship between religious coping and mental health of teachers was also examined results dadbyn religious coping mental health and its components in relation to teachers was not significant. Between the component's commitment to mental health and its components (except somatization and paranoid ideation) in Exceptional Children Teachers significant negative correlation was obtained. Between hardiness and control elements and challenges to mental health and its components are negative and significant relationship was observed. To investigate this hypothesis, a stepwise multiple regressions were used as the criterion variables and the mental health components of hardiness as predictor variables were entered into the equation. The results showed that the first variable in the equation was the challenge that these variables can about 10% of mental health variables alone explain.

Effect of organic fertilizer on wet weight, dry weight and number of leaves in cowpea

440-443Full Text

Esmat Fatahi, Hamid Reza Mobasser* and Mohammad Mehdi Akbarian

Abstract
Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) is an important grain legume in the West African Semiarid Tropics, where it occupies 6 million hectares. Cowpea is an important component of the predominantly cereal/legume production systems in the region. Vermicompost are finely-divided mature peat like materials which are produced by a non-thermophiles process involving interactions between earthworms and microorganisms. The experiment was conducted at the bam narmashir (in Iran) which is situated between 28° North latitude and 57° East longitude and at an altitude of 1050 m above Mean Sea Level. Effect of cow manure, Chicken manure and Compost on wet weight, dry weight and number of leaves was very significant.

Britishness and Otherness in Virginia Woolf’s Orlando

444-451Full Text

Sara Bakhshandeh Farajpour and Leila Baradaran Jamili*

Abstract
This paper demonstrates the influences of British national tendency and empire on culture, race, history, literature and identity which are essential for making a perfect form of Britishness. Orlando: A Biography (1928) by Virginia Woolf (1882-1941) is examined based on the theories of Ian Baucom (1967), Edward Said (1935-2003) and Homi K. Bhabha (1949) regarding Britishness and Otherness. By using ethno-methodological, post-colonial and cultural theories, this paper analyzes the ideals of Britishness, the traces of Otherness, centrality of British people and marginality of ‘Others.’ Clarifying Orientalism and ethnography, the paper shows how Woolf visualizes the distinctions between Occidental and Oriental lifestyle, habits and customs and how she locates the main character, Orlando in different layers of various ethnic groups to flaunt the distinctions which lead to the projection of main character regarding the superiority of Occidental culture and civilization and inferiority of Oriental. It shows the way of looking of the European toward non-Europeans as inferior, deformed, barbaric and less intelligent. The paper reveals how Woolf compares British space with foreign and exotic spaces to map or remap her homeland, Britain as an ideal one. Subsequently, it focuses on Woolf’s critical view toward the East and exotic culture, and describes how Woolf as a British novelist portrays the superiority of English people in comparison to inferiority and weakness of non-English one.